Write A Reaction Paper On Any Aspect Of Freud’S Theories Or On Any Topic Presented In This Chapter.
Thursday, March 12, 2020
Biography of Cleopatra, Last Pharaoh of Egypt
Biography of Cleopatra, Last Pharaoh of Egypt Cleopatra (69 BCEââ¬âAugust 30, 30 BCE) was the ruler of Egypt as Cleopatra VII Philopater, She was the last of the Ptolemy dynasty of Egyptian rulers, and the very last Pharaoh of Egypt, ending a dynastic rule of some 5,000 years. Fast Facts: Cleopatra Known For: The last dynastic pharaoh of EgyptAlso Known As: Cleopatra Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra VII Philopater; Cleopatra Philadelphus Philopator Philopatris Thea NeoteraBorn: Early 69 BCEParents: Ptolemy XII Auletes (d. 51 BCE, ruled 80ââ¬â51 BCE except for 58ââ¬â55 BCE) and Cleopatra V Tryphaina (co-ruler 58ââ¬â55 BCE with their daughter, Berenice IV, sister of Cleopatra VII)Died: August 30, 30 BCEEducation: Studied with a tutor and at the Mouseion at the Library of Alexandria, medicine, philosophy, rhetoric, oratory, and many languages, including Greek, Latin, and AramaicSpouse(s): Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV, Marc AntonyChildren: Ptolemy Caesarion (b. 46 BCE, with Julius Caesar); and three children by Marc Antony, twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene (b. 40 BCE), and Ptolemy Philadelphus (b. 36 BCE) Cleopatra VII was the descendant of Macedonians who were established as rulers over Egypt when Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 323 BCE. The Ptolemy dynasty was descended from the Greek Macedonian named Ptolemy Soter, whom Alexander the Great installed in Egypt, so much of Cleopatras ancestry was Macedonian Greek. There is some controversy about the possible African origins of her mother or her paternal grandmother. Early Life Cleopatra VII was born around the beginning of 69 BCE, the second of five children of Ptolemy XII and his wife Cleopatra V. Tryphania. Although not much is available about her early life, young royal women of the Ptolemaic dynasty were well educated, and although the Library of Alexandria was no longer the intellectual powerhouse of the Mediterranean, the facility and its adjacent research center the Mouseion were still a center for learning. She took medical studies- she was a medical writer as a young woman- and she studied philosophy, rhetoric, and oratory with a tutor. She was a gifted linguist: in addition to her native Greek, Plutarch reported that she spoke Ethiopian, Trogodyte, Hebraic (probably Aramaic or less likely Hebrew), Arabic, Syrian, Median, and Parthian as well as many others. She undoubtedly read Greek, Egyptian, and Latin, and perhaps others. During Cleopatras early years, her father Ptolemy XII tried to maintain his failing power in Egypt by bribing powerful Romans. In 58 BCE, her father fled Rome to escape the anger of his people for the failing economy. Cleopatra, about 9 years old at the time, likely went with him. Her oldest sister was Berenike IV, and when Ptolemy XII fled, she and her mother Cleopatra VI Tryphaina, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, assumed the rulership jointly. When he returned, apparently Cleopatra VI had died, and with the help of Roman forces, Ptolemy XII regained his throne and executed Berenice. Ptolemy then married his son, about 9 years old, to his remaining daughter, Cleopatra, who was by this time about 18. Rule and Political Strife On the death of Ptolemy XII in February or March of 51 BCE, the rule of Egypt was to go to Cleopatra and her brother and husband, Ptolemy XIII; but Cleopatra moved swiftly to take control, but not without issues.à à When Cleopatra VII took the double crown, Egypt was still facing the financial issues that her predecessors had created- Julius Caesar was owed 17.5 million drachmas- and there was still scattered civil strife. Drought, failed crops, and food shortages were becoming more serious, and by 48 BCE the Nile flood was extremely low. Cleopatra set about restoring the bull cult; but the largest issue was the presence in her kingdom of Ptolemy XIII, only about 11 years old at the time. Ptolemy had the support of his tutor Potheinos and a powerful set of advisers, including many of the top generals, and by the autumn of 50 BCE, Ptolemy XIII was in the dominant position in the country.à At the same time, Pompey- with whom Ptolemy XII had allied himself- appeared in Egypt, chased by forces of Julius Caesar. In 48 BCE, Pompey named Ptolemy XIII the sole ruler, and Cleopatra went first to Thebes, then to Syria to gather an army of supporters among the opponents of Pompey, but her army was halted in the Nile delta region at Pelousion by Ptolemys forces. In the meantime, Ptolemys advisers were becoming alarmed at the rise in turmoil in the Roman Empire, and seeking to back away from that conflict, they had Pompey assassinated and his head sent to Caesar. Shortly thereafter, Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria. He sent messages to Cleopatra and Ptolemy, asking them to disband their armies and reconcile with one another; Ptolemy kept his army but came to Alexandria, while Cleopatra set messengers and then came herself to see Caesar. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar Cleopatra, according to the stories, had herself delivered to Julius Caesars presence in a rug and won his support. Ptolemy XIII died in a battle with Caesar, and Caesar restored Cleopatra to power in Egypt, along with her brother Ptolemy XIV as co-ruler. In 46 BCE, Cleopatra named her newborn son Ptolemy Caesarion, emphasizing that this was the son of Julius Caesar. Caesar never formally accepted paternity, but he did take Cleopatra to Rome that year, also taking her sister, Arsinoe, and displaying her in Rome as a war captive. That he was already married (to Calpurnia) yet Cleopatra claimed to be his wife added to political tensions in Rome that ended with Caesars assassination in 44 BCE. After Caesars death, Cleopatra returned to Egypt, where her brother and co-ruler Ptolemy XIV died, probably assassinated by her. She established her son as her co-ruler Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Cleopatra and Marc Antony When the next Roman military governor of the region, Marc Antony, demanded her presence- along with that of other rulers who were controlled by Rome- she arrived dramatically in 41 BCE and managed to convince him of her innocence of charges about her support of Caesars supporters in Rome, captivated his interest, and gained his support. Antony spent a winter in Alexandria with Cleopatra (41ââ¬â40 BCE) and then left. Cleopatra bore twins to Antony. He, meanwhile, went to Athens and, his wife Fulvia having died in 40 BCE, agreed to marry Octavia, the sister of his rival Octavius. They had a daughter in 39 BCE. In 37 BCE Antony returned to Antioch, Cleopatra joined him, and they went through a sort of marriage ceremony the following year. That year of that ceremony, another son was born to them, Ptolemy Philadelphus. Marc Antony formally restored to Egypt- and Cleopatra- territory which the Ptolemys had lost control of, including Cyprus and part of what is now Lebanon. Cleopatra returned to Alexandria and Antony joined her in 34 BCE after a military victory. He affirmed the joint rulership of Cleopatra and her son, Caesarion, recognizing Caesarion as the son of Julius Caesar. Octavian and Death Antonys relationship with Cleopatra- his supposed marriage and their children, and his granting of territory to her- was used by the Roman emperor Octavian to raise Roman concerns over his loyalties. Antony was able to use Cleopatras financial support to oppose Octavian in the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), but missteps- probably attributable to Cleopatra- led to defeat. Cleopatra tried to get Octavians support for her childrens succession to power but was unable to come to an agreement with him. In 30 BCE, Marc Antony killed himself, reportedly because hed been told that Cleopatra had been killed, and when yet another attempt to keep power failed, Cleopatra killed herself. Legacy Much of what we know about Cleopatra was written after her death when it was politically expedient to portray her as a threat to Rome and its stability. Thus, some of what we know about Cleopatra may have been exaggerated or misrepresented by those sources. Cassius Dio, one of the ancient sources that tell her story, summarizes her story as She captivated the two greatest Romans of her day, and because of the third she destroyed herself. What we know for certain is that Egypt became a province of Rome, ending the rule of the Ptolemies. Cleopatras children were taken to Rome. Caligula later executed Ptolemy Caesarion, and Cleopatras other sons simply disappear from history and are assumed to have died. Cleopatras daughter, Cleopatra Selene, married Juba, king of Numidia and Mauritania. Sources Chauveau, Michel. Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society under the Ptolemies. Trans. Lorton, David. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000.Chaveau, Michel, ed. Cleopatra: Beyond the Myth. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.Kleiner, Diana E.E., and Bridget Buxton. Pledges of Empire: The Ara Pacis and the Donations of Rome. American Journal of Archaeology 112.1 (2008): 57-90.Roller, Duane W. Cleopatra: A Biography. Women in Antiquity. Eds. Ancona, Ronnie and Sarah B. Pomeroy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Tuesday, February 25, 2020
Expanding the Oral Care Group in India Case Study
Expanding the Oral Care Group in India - Case Study Example et into global operations within four geographic divisions, including Latin America, North America, Europe, Africa, and the Greater Asia (Gupta, 2015). By 2009, Cottle Company accrued revenues worth $11.5 billion, and its products were sold in over 200 nations worldwide. Approximately 50% of the revenues came from the businessââ¬â¢ emerging markets. However, to meet its customersââ¬â¢ demands, the company maintains its manufacturing and business operations only in about 80 countries. The company believes in the provision and supply of quality products across the globe in order to cope with the competitive market and emerge the victor amongst its competitors. Currently, Cottle strives to strengthen its market base and presence within the Middle-East nations. This paper thereby analyses the companyââ¬â¢s endeavors to market its oral care products and strengthen or broaden its market base in India (Jason, Jindal & Seth, 2014). It thereby considers the regional market challenges within India, as well as the possible alternatives and strategies for the challenges.For the success of its operations and product sales, the company must then consider the regional challenges within India between urban and rural consumers, as well as their willingness, ignorance, or reluctance to adopt the modern approaches to dental care (Quelch&Zalosh, 2012). A business strategy is the main focus of every organizationââ¬â¢s practice and the one that organizations use to gain a competitive advantage. It is use to attract customers, strike out a market position, and achieve the objectives of the organization. Cottles situation of is not bad, and it just needs to follow its strategy and change a few things such as differentiation of its products. A review of Cottle strategy can help it to diagnose few problem areas that are present in the company. There is a need for alternative solutions. The strategic issues for Cottle will be discussed in order to craft alternative business
Sunday, February 9, 2020
Managed Healtcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Managed Healtcare - Assignment Example His may lead to misinformation on the various aspects of disease management that require more or urgent attention There have been important changes in the quality of management movement since the 1970s to current day. The evolvement has led to more comprehensive views of diseases management and one that offers an accurate account of what it represents and encompasses. In the past, quality providers felt that making significant improvement in the health status of Americans meant addressing chronic disease for large groups of people, not single patients one at a time. However, the managed care system in this era is more focused on ensuring that each patient gets high quality. The managed care organizations then started looking as patients as individuals and not as a group of individuals suffering from a certain chronic disease that needs to be eliminated. This way, the care system became more patient-centered. This was how the improvement generated to the managed care system that we have in todayââ¬â¢s
Thursday, January 30, 2020
Geographies of Social Difference Essay Example for Free
Geographies of Social Difference Essay Map 1: [Figure 2, People not fluent in English as a percentage of the total population aged 5 years and over, Sydney, 2006] (a) Compare the spatial pattern of the map to the map of unemployment. Does the map share the same spatial pattern as unemployment (i.e. do the areas of high and low concentration match)? Describe the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern. Figure (1) displays that there is a high prevalence of unemployed people in the Western and South western regions of Sydney. Sydneys South West areas and inner west areas have high numbers of people not fluent in English e.g. Cabramatta-Marrickville .Both Figure (1) and (2) correlate well with each other as the areas which are high numbers of unemployment are also areas which have a high number on individuals of are not fluent in English. b) Explain why your map shares (or does not share) a similar spatial pattern to the map of unemployment. Areas which have high numbers of unemployed individuals are also areas which have a high number in individuals who are not fluent in English. Individuals not being fluent in English may be limited to employment opportunities as they may lack fundamental communication skills which are needed in the workforce. They may also have limited opportunities to attain qualifications that may improve chances of employment due to their lack of English skills e.g. entering a Question 2, Map 2. Map 2: [Figure (3) Low income Households with a gross weekly income less than $500, as a percentage of all households. Sydney, 2006.] Compare the spatial pattern of the map to the map of unemployment. Does the map share the same spatial pattern as unemployment (i.e. do the areas of high and low concentration match)? Describe the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern. Figure (1) and Figure (3) have similar spatial patterns of unemployment and low income households. Both unemployment and low income are common in the central western parts of Sydney (Blacktown) and also South Western parts of Sydney such as Campbelltown and also leading into the inner western and eastern suburbs such as Villawood and Claymore (ABS, 2006). These maps show similarities as unemployment often results in individuals living off low income. b) Explain why your map shares (or does not share) a similar spatial pattern to the map of unemployment. Figure (1) and Figure (3) have similar spatial patterns as unemployment and low income correlate with each other. Both unemployment and low income are prevalent specifically in the Western suburbs of Sydney. Individuals who earn low incomes are left with little to no amounts of discretionary income, hence why they reside in areas within Western Sydney as estate is more affordable to buy or rent in comparison to other regions such as Northern Sydney Question 3: The map of unemployment shows that some areas of Sydney experience higher levels of unemployment compared to the rest of Sydney. Identify and explain the changes that have taken place in the economy (e.g. in Sydney, NSW, Australia) that have generated such unevenness in socio-economic opportunities. Discrepancies between the rich and poor have been known to humanity for countless years. These discrepancies are evident in all societies where there are a variety of individuals who belong to different classes on the social class ladder. These discrepancies are evident in figure (1) and (3) where unemployment and low income are most common in Western parts of Sydney. Individuals often chose to reside in Sydneys Western suburbs where living and life style costs are considerably cheaper in comparison to Eastern/Northern areas of Sydney. Economic changes within regions results in social polarization. Socio-spatial polarisation) refers to divergence over time in the life chances and socio-ec onomic circumstances of low income and middle to high income populations CITATION Wai00 \l 3081à (Waitt, et al., 2000). Income is a critical factor underlying polarisation. In Australia, the top 25 per cent of families now receive about 5 times as much disposable income as the lowest 25 per cent CITATION Wai00 \l 3081 (Waitt, et al., 2000). These statistics are evident in figure (1) where unemployment are most common in the Western parts of Sydney due to the living costs being lower in comparison to North and East suburbs of Sydney. As social-polarisation is associated with socioeconomic factors such as income and education, it can be said that individuals who are not fluent in English are less likely to find employment due to their lack of essential work skills. Another reason that causes discrepancies between low socioeconomic status communities and high socioeconomic status communities is the constant improvement and development of areas which are seen to be more desirable to live in. An example of this is the constant advertisements which portray messages saying new inner-city residence that will bring about a new way of living or state that living in the inner city has so many benefits: you can walk to work, miss traffic jams, stroll to all the best restaurants and be part of the lively city ambience CITATION Bau05 \l 3081 (Baum, et al., 2005). This results in individuals wishing to move into areas close to the CBD. As populations increase in these areas, infrastructure will also increase. This will create jobs which will favour individuals living close by. This cycle results in low socio-economic areas receiving less development opportunities as individuals prefer to reside in other areas e.g. Individuals preferring to reside in Northern Sydney over Western Sydney. Individuals who reside in Western Sydney Suburbs that are able to find employment in high socioeconomic areas such as Northern Sydney which are constantly redeveloped and improved are faced with the burdens of travelling for long periods . References Waitt, G, McGuirk, P, Dunn, K, Hartig, K Burnley, I 2000, Transforming cities: socio-spatial polarisation, in Introducing human geography: globalisation, difference and inequality, Longman, Sydney, pp. 405-406. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. A Social Atlas, 2006 Census of Population Housing, Sydney: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Baum, S., OConnor, K. Stimson, R., 2005. Suburbs of advantage and disadvantage. In: Fault lines exposed: advantage and disadvantage across Australiasà settlement system. Melbourne: Monash University ePress, pp. 12-30.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
The Simpsons :: essays papers
The Simpsons The American animation The Simpsons is now in its 10th season as a show in its own right. It was created by Matt Groening as shorts for the Tracy Ullman Show and was bought by the Fox Network, which began screening it as half-hour shows in 1989. Initially its success was restricted to the 9-16 year old age group, and for animation there is nothing remarkable about this. Its success grew quickly and it is now popular in many countries with many different audiences. "In the 1990s we are seeing dramatic transformations in media industries and media cultures. In geographical terms, these transformations may be seen in the shift from national to global media." The Simpsons can be seen as both a remarkable piece of global culture and as a hugely successful piece of global television. (One need only look on an Internet search engine to discover that there are literally millions of Simpsons fan-sites around the world.). The Simpsons themselves are a simple family in a small town in Middle Am erica called Springfield. They are: Homer (loyal but stupid father), Marge (dissatisfied, trapped housewife/mother), Bart (rebellious son), Lisa (unappreciated genius daughter), and Maggie (silent baby). The show also revolves around a number of other of the townsfolk, such as Mr Burns (Homer's miserly boss), Smithers (Burns's loving assistant), Apu (Indian shop owner), Principal Skinner and Moe (owner of the local bar). There are a number of reasons why we cannot simply view The Simpsons as a cartoon like any other. The rules and conventions that it follows are far more those of television or cinema than those of animation. The humour within The Simpsons exists on many different levels ranging from the obvious to the subtle, from the literary to the movie reference, and beyond. But most importantly we must consider the show's ability to make significant social comment, on general issues of culture and society, but more specifically on television, film and media, and on audience vie wing and acceptance of these media. Traditionally, cartoons have been action driven and animation. Aside from the use of cameras to create the visual illusion of depth (Walt Disney famously explained the 'complicated' technique used to allow Mickey Mouse to walk along a street without distorting depth or perspective), cartoons had a language of their own, unique and separate from that of cinema or television. They were simple and without layered meanings.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Christmas-Time Essay
ââ¬Å"Our hearts grow tender with childhood memories and love of kindred, and we are better throughout the year for having, in spirit, become a child again at Christmas-time.â⬠(Laura Ingalls Wilder) Christmas is coming, it is one of the most important and magnificent holidays of the Christian calendar. This is a miraculous time of year when people begin to believe in miracles again and become pure-minded like heartfelt children. We all come from childhood. This is a fun and good time which is associated with sweet memories and a sense of continuing happiness. I remember this happy-go-lucky period of my life when I dreamed with confidence without thinking whether my dreams would come true or not. On Christmas Eve there were dozens of lights which burnt in my house. Honestly, this amazing picture made my heart so bright and happy that I wanted to embrace the whole world. I waited always for Christmas time because it was very great to help my parents to make a special dinner and feel breathtaking holiday atmosphere. Even growing up I become a light-hearted child again for a while, forget all the troubles and plunge into the world of magic at Christmas. Moreover, everything changes in the days of Christmas. In this period of time even the most hardened cynics turn into romantics and become a little kinder. Most people forget about all the difficulties and could be among friends and relatives. All the year round we called each other on the phone occasionally, however at Christmas all loving people gather together at the same table. There is an opportunity to hug each other, talk, and wish happiness during this marvelous night. On Christmas Eve, the sky opens its gates, and we can make a wish, importantly that it should be sincere and from the heart. I want to believe that we can start a new countdown on the eve of this holiday and our life will be more successful and full of incredible things. Once upon a time there was already a miracle, the birth of Jesus Christ. We yearn to believe in wonders and wish to let a little Christmas magic enter into our lives. Enjoy your life and go towards your dream like children ââ¬â and then the most cherished desires will be fulfilled.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
The Ethics Of Teaching And Teaching - 1144 Words
In the words of Cornel Pewewardy, educators are responsible for maintaining the ethics of teaching and for helping to eliminate racism in all aspects of school life. (Pewewardy, 2001) In Wisconsin, racism towards Natives is evident in multiple high schools . In total, there are more than 45 high schools across the state with Native Mascots. (Wicks) A few of these mascots are the Indians, Red Raiders/ Red Men, and Warriors. (Wicks) Of those 45 schools only a few have decided to minimize this racism by removing their controversial mascot. In 2007, Tomah High School retired its mascot, the Indian, and replaced it with the Timberwolf. (Anderson, 2014) In 2010, Gale-Ettrick-Trempealeau abandoned its Redmen mascot to become the Red Hawks. (Anderson, 2014) Although these two schools are not alone in changing their mascots, most schools are pretty reluctant to change. Often times, locals do not see an issue with the mascot and the topic of change is brought up by outside sources such as the Wisconsin Indian Education association. In 2014, the WIEA mailed open letter to Prairie du Chien and Seneca public schools, along with 29 other Wisconsin districts, asking them to aba ndon any race-based logo, mascot or team name. (Anderson, 2014) The WIEA strongly believes that the use of Native Mascots are harmful to our children no matter how they are depicted. Stephanie Fryberg, an American Indian psychologist, has research that reinforces just that. According to Fryberg, exposure toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of A Teaching Assistant2047 Words à |à 9 PagesQUESTION 4B As a teaching assistant, youââ¬â¢re in a good position to notice changes in pupilsââ¬â¢ behaviour which may be a possible sign of abuse. Children or young people may also confide in you or allege that abuse has taken place. 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It stresses importance on obligation to moral values and vital beliefs. Application of a code of ethics helps us to guarantee that members of the profession
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